High-dose chemotherapy with haematopoietic stem cell transplantation is associated with significant physical and psychosocial morbidity, potential mortality and slow sometimes limited recovery. Its impact on quality of life is a growing area of research in many health-related disciplines, but one that is sometimes difficult to interpret into meaningful implications for clinical practice. This article aims to provide an overview of themes and issues arising from a literature review of patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Specifically addressing the meaning of quality of life in relation to haematopoietic stem cell transplantation, methods of assessing quality of life and the findings of quality of life research in this patient group. The article highlights directions for future research in order to substantiate or develop the current knowledge base.