Why you should read this article

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To understand the causes and underlying pathophysiology of decompression sickness

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To recognise the signs and symptoms of decompression sickness, including the difference between Type I and Type II

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To enhance your knowledge of the nurse’s role in the initial management of decompression sickness

Decompression sickness (DCS) is commonly associated with diving or occupational exposure to compressed air, and is a life-threatening condition if left untreated. This article provides an overview of the pathophysiology and types of DCS. It also explains the principles of care for people presenting to the emergency department with DCS that emergency nurses must be familiar with, including the recognition of its signs and symptoms and the initial management required. It is important that emergency nurses are aware of the optimal treatment protocol for DCS, which involves its early recognition, prompt administration of high-flow oxygen and referral to the nearest hyperbaric chamber for recompression.