Staphylococcus aureus is a bacterium commonly found on human skin and in the upper respiratory tract. Although it is usually harmless, some strains of Staphylococcus aureus produce a toxin known as Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL) that can cause mild to severe health effects. If PVL is identified, public health action is recommended to prevent transmission. Health protection and primary care teams should work together to carry out a risk assessment and take appropriate action.