This is the first of a series of continuing professional development articles that provide insight into the sphere of practice of paediatric endocrinology nurse specialists. The article is aimed at registered nurses and nursing students who are interested in reviewing their knowledge of normal childhood growth and exploring potential reasons for, and consequences of, atypical growth. It discusses the stages and physiology of growth through childhood and adolescence. There is a focus on auxology, reviewing usual and more specialist measurement and assessment techniques used to collect data on a child’s growth. Potential causes of atypical growth are explored, which may present as tall or short stature, requiring referral to specialist services.