Why you should read this article:

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To enhance your knowledge of basic arterial blood gas analysis

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To gain an understanding of various acid-base imbalances and the compensatory mechanisms associated with these

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To learn how to apply the RoMe (‘Respiratory opposite, Metabolic equal’) technique when analysing arterial blood gas results

Arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis is a fundamental skill in healthcare practice, particularly when caring for acutely unwell or deteriorating patients. It can be useful in the assessment of patients’ acid-base balance and gas exchange, thereby informing appropriate care and management. However, many nurses find interpreting ABG results challenging. This article outlines a simplified approach to ABG analysis using three main values – pH, partial pressure of carbon dioxide and bicarbonate – and applying the RoMe (‘Respiratory opposite, Metabolic equal’) technique. It also provides brief descriptions of selected acid-base imbalances and explains how to identify whether these are uncompensated, partially compensated or fully compensated.