<p>Background Prostate cancer is a life-threatening disease that is not curable but can be controlled through treatment. Current treatments can result in unpleasant and distressing side effects for patients. Little was known until the 1970s about the psychological and psychosocial effects of these treatments, but studies have now been conducted on patient identity, self-esteem, incontinence, impotence and social support.</p> <p>Conclusion A diagnosis of prostate cancer can have detrimental psychological effects for patients. However, using behavioural and coping strategies with cancer patients brings about an improvement in symptoms, functioning and emotion, thus enhancing quality of life for patients and their families.</p>