Many women are anxious about cervical screening. The receipt of an abnormal result causes high levels of distress. Cervical screening uptake can be improved by the provision of information, sensitive communication and consideration of a woman’s health beliefs. This article discusses the barriers that prevent some women from attending cervical screening. By informing nurses of the possible reasons why women do not have cervical smears it is hoped that they will be able to provide women with better health education in this area of practice.