Why you should read this article:

•

To improve your knowledge of the pathophysiology and classification of haemorrhage and haemorrhagic shock

•

To support your practice in assessing and managing patients who present with haemorrhage or haemorrhagic shock

•

To count towards revalidation as part of your 35 hours of CPD, or you may wish to write a reflective account (UK readers)

•

To contribute towards your professional development and local registration renewal requirements (non-UK readers)

Haemorrhage is defined as the acute loss of blood from the circulating volume, while haemorrhagic shock is characterised by suboptimal perfusion caused by bleeding. Their prompt recognition and management is vital to ensure optimal outcomes. This article discusses the assessment and management of patients experiencing haemorrhage and developing haemorrhagic shock. It also outlines how these conditions are classified, and explains their pathophysiology. The article emphasises the importance of a thorough ABCDE (airway, breathing, circulation, disability, exposure) assessment and prompt identification of the source of bleeding, along with the initial management of a patient who is bleeding.